Ph.D., Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics), The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (Major Advisor: Dr. Dale Eric Wurster), Dissertation Title: "Measurement of the Thermal Energy Change Upon Tablet Compression", 1986.

M.S., Pharmacy (Radiopharmaceutics), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Thesis Title: "Synthesis and Characterization Iodinated of Bleomycin", 1982.

B.S., Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC